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Henri Matisse

French painter, draughtsman, graphic artist and sculptor. (born Le Cateau-Cambrésis, 1869 - died Cimiez (close to Nice), 1954)Henri Matisse is considered to be one of the most important painters and draughtsmen of the 20th century and co-founder of Fauvism.
It wasn't until 1890, after having studied law and worked as a law clerk, he decided to become a painter. Matisse was first educated at the Académie Julien and then by the Symbolist painter Gustave Moreau. He also copied the old masters like Raphael, Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin and Nicolas Poussin in the Louvre and painted in the outdoors.
The painter and collector John Russell brought Matisse in contact with the works of the Impressionists and the Post-Impressionists and he started to examine the value of colors. At first his canvases showed a somewhat veiled poetic Nabis like atmosphere but after having seen the work of Van Gogh and after Camille Pissarro had pointed out to him his use of color wasn't all that successful his palette becomes brighter. Matisse also came in contact with Georges Rouault, Charles Camoin, Henri Manguin and Henri Evenpoel, later kindred spirits in Fauvism.
Matisse traveled to London where he studied the paintings of William Turner and after that he went to Corsica where he was very much impressed by the bright southern colors. Through Imressionism and under the influence of Paul Cézanne's work he started to make powerful drawings with big flat areas of color.

After a short stay with Paul Signac in St. Tropez he briefly engrossed in Pointillism and he created Luxe, calme et volupté after a poem of Charles Baudelaire.

In 1905 Matisse stayed in Collioure for the summer. In the autumn there was a scandal during the Salon d'Automne because of his painting Open Window, Collioure and similar paintings from colleagues like Maurice de Vlaminck, Albert Marquet en André Derain. The Paris art critic Louis Vauxcelles called them the Fauves.
In his Fauvist period from 1905 till 1908 he used color as a means of expression. The decorative element became increasingly important.

His acquaintance with Islamic art during exhibitions and several travels to Morocco deepened his conviction to reject the illusion of three dimensional space. In 1909/10 Matisse made the paintings La Danse and La Musique for Sergei Shchukin, a Russian art collector. They are characterized by an unusual simplification and the use of only three colors, red, blue and green. His total rejection of perspective and the use of continuing ornamental patterns was harshly criticized.

In the period 1930-33 Matisse created in his preliminary studies his mural La Danse for the museum of dr. Barnes in Merio Pensylvania. Next Matisse developed his 'papiers découpés', collages from color strips.
From 1937 he worked as setdesigner and costume designer for the Russian Ballet of Serge Diaghilev.

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Associated subjects: modern art (+), etchings (+), pablo picasso (+), realism (+), fauvism (+), neo-impressionism (+), salon des independants (+), lithographs (+), paul cezanne (+), neo-classicism (+), impressionism (+), cubism (+), edouard manet (+), aquatints (+), canvas (+), studio (+), fauvism (+), drawing (+), romantic (+), montmartre (+), andre derain (+), vincent van gogh (+), surrealism (+), drawings and prints (+), impressionists (+), european paintings (+), eugene atget (+), edgar degas (+), post-impressionist styles (+), maurice de vlaminck (+)

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