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Lydia and Phrygia

Located in western Anatolia and bordered by the kingdom of Phrygia to the east and Ionia to the west, the kingdom of Lydia flourished during the first millennium B.C. Much of what is known about Lydia derives from the Greek historian Herodotus (fifth century B.C. ). He records that King Gyges founded a dynasty (in the late eighth to seventh century B.C. ) that flourished until the Achaemenid Persian period. Herodotus also records information about the political relationship between Lydia and its eastern neighbor Phrygia. He reports that Midas, son of King Gordios of Phrygia, was the first Near Easterner to dedicate gifts to the Greek oracle at Delphi, and that the second was Gyges of Lydia. Midas' dedication would have occurred in the late eighth century B.C., Gyges' in the late eighth or seventh century, an event likely prompted by knowledge of Midas' earlier dedication. The precise chronological relationship between Gyges and Midas remains under debate. To Herodotus, the two monarchs were in part contemporary, but from Assyrian texts we know that Gyges also ruled at the time of the Assyrian king Ashurbanipal (r. 668–627 B.C. ). The first Assyrian reference to Gyges was in the 660s and concerned attacks by the Cimmerians, nomadic invaders from the Caucasus who had previously ravaged Urartu and Phrygia. The Assyrian texts state that Gyges defeated the Cimmerians, but that a decade later he was defeated and killed by them.

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Associated subjects: greek oracle at delphi (+), midas (+), urartu (+), achaemenid persian period (+), sardis (+), mary cassatt (+), william etty (+), persian conquest (+), hellenistic era (+), roman rule (+), seleucid dynasts (+), alexander the great (+), byzantine emperor (+), pastels (+), engraving (+), impressionists (+), opera (+), rubens (+), velazquez (+), printmaking (+), paris (+), paris salon (+), manet (+), edgar degas (+), correggio and parmigianino (+), mother and child (+), lydians (+), hasanlu (+), hittite (+), daily life (+)

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