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The Severan Dynasty (193–235)

The Severan dynasty comprised the relatively short reigns of Septimius Severus (r. 193–211 A.D. ), Caracalla (r. 211–17 A.D. ), Macrinus (r. 217–18 A.D. ), Elagabalus (r. 218–22 A.D. ), and Alexander Severus (r. 222–35 A.D. ). Its founder, Septimius Severus, was a member of a leading native family of Leptis Magna in North Africa who allied himself with a prominent Syrian family by his marriage to Julia Domna. Their union, which gave rise to the imperial candidates of Syrian background, Elagabalus and Alexander Severus, testified to the broad political franchise and economic development of the Roman empire. It was Septimius Severus who erected the famous triumphal arch in the Roman Forum, an important vehicle of political propaganda that proclaimed the legitimacy of the Severan dynasty and celebrated the emperor's victories against Parthia in a lavishly sculpted historical narrative. As in most artistic achievements under the Severans, the monumental reliefs show a decisive break with classicism that presaged Late Antique and Byzantine works of art. At Leptis Magna, he renovated and embellished a number of monuments and built a grandiose new temple-forum-basilica complex on an unparalleled scale that befitted the birthplace of the new emperor. Septimius cultivated the army with substantial remuneration for total loyalty to the emperor and substituted equestrian officers for senators in key administrative positions.

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Associated subjects: byzantine works of art (+), parthia (+), augustus (+), other ancient cultures (+), provinces (+), stylistic treatment (+), inscriptions (+), glass (+), roman republic (+), antonines (+), byzantine art (+), flavians (+), hellenistic (+), athletic contest (+), portrait busts (+), near east (+), constantinople (+), greek mythology (+), republican period (+), republican (+), amphitheater (+), etruscans (+), imperial periods (+), byzantine empire (+), roman egypt (+), germanic tribes (+), ottoman (+), cyprus (+), hellenistic period (+), glassmaking (+)

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